Identify the decision and its reasons
Keep the application, evidence, requests for documents, replies and proof of notification. Read who decided, why, and the appeal instructions. Check any existing permit, whether its validity was maintained and whether a departure requirement or another measure has also been notified. Requesting a copy of the case file does not by itself stop an appeal deadline.
Choose the correct appeal route
For an express decision ending the administrative route, the usual alternatives are an optional reconsideration request to the same authority (reposición) within one month of notification, or judicial review (contencioso-administrativo) within two months of notification, with the counting rules applicable to each route. Where the decision does not end that route, an appeal to the higher authority (alzada) may be required, usually within one month of notification of an express decision. If you choose reconsideration, court proceedings must wait for its express decision or legally relevant non-response. Administrative silence and special procedures require separate analysis; do not count a month as thirty days.
Appealing does not automatically suspend the decision
An administrative appeal does not generally suspend enforcement. A suspension request or urgent court protection may be needed, supported by the relevant risks and evidence. Special rules can apply in international protection and EU-law cases. A filing receipt is not universally permission to work: any continuing work entitlement must be checked against the applicable permit and legal effects.
Removal proceedings need their own urgent assessment
Do not treat a residence refusal as automatically equivalent to an expulsion order. The statutory accelerated expulsion procedure (procedimiento preferente) can allow only 48 hours for submissions at the relevant stage. Other procedures and stages have different rules. Keep the whole notice and explain family ties, dependent children, health and risks on return. Request legal assistance and interpretation where applicable.